【摘要2020.3.30.自由】◎陳成良
Tech giants including Google are free to
censor content as they wish, a US court ruled Wednesday, in a landmark
freedom-of-speech case concerning private internet platforms.
美國法院週三對於一個有關私人網路平台、具指標性意義的言論自由案件做出裁定，包括谷歌（Google）在內的科技巨擘得依其所願，審查其平台上的內容。
The decision by San Francisco’s Ninth
Circuit appeals court rejected a conservative news outlet’s claims that YouTube
had breached the First Amendment by censoring its content.
舊金山第九巡迴上訴法院裁定，駁回一個保守派新聞網站指控YouTube審查其平台內容，有違美國憲法第一修正案。
The US Constitution’s First Amendment
prohibits the government, but not private parties, from censoring free speech.
美國憲法第一修正案禁止政府審查自由言論，但未規範私人領域。
Despite its two billion monthly users,
Google-owned YouTube "remains a private forum, not a public forum subject
to judicial scrutiny under the First Amendment," the court found.
法庭認為，儘管谷歌旗下的YouTube每月使用者多達20億，「仍屬於私人論壇，並非在第一修正案規範下，受司法監督的公眾論壇。」
Conservative non-profit PragerU had argued
that Google unlawfully limited access to its videos discussing topics such as
"male-female differences," "environmental issues" and
"other topics discussed on university campuses."
保守派非營利組織PragerU曾抱怨，Google非法限制用戶取用PragerU討論諸如「男女差異」、「環境議題」與「其他大學校園討論主題」等相關影片。
But in a written opinion for the
three-judge panel, Circuit Judge M. Margaret McKeown said that no matter how many
users platforms like YouTube may acquire, they do not become "state actors
subject to First Amendment constraints."（AFP）
但在3名法官組成的合議庭書面意見中，巡迴法官馬凱恩表示，不論YouTube這類平台有多少用戶，都不會變成「受憲法第一修正案規範的國家機構」。（法新社）
新聞辭典
breach：動詞，侵入，突破。例句：Their
defenses were easily breached.（他們的防禦設施被輕易攻破。）
scrutiny：名詞，仔細檢查。例句：I’d
never faced that kind of scrutiny before.（我之前從未遇過這種仔細檢查。）
be subject to：遭受；受…的約束。例句：In
recent years, she has been subject to attacks of depression.（最近這幾年，她罹患憂鬱症。）
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